Kashgar Old City of south-eastern yellow Yashang there is a Uighur residents lanes; Uygur: its wide Yabei Xi Zi Lane. Means of high-Ya Shang Tutao; Kashi is located in the old city of the highest terrain in this as long as a few hundred meters Gao Ya, in the early history of the "two thousand years ago on the existence of others. Legend has it that Ban Chao's Eastern Han Dynasty, had Genggong The footprints left behind. The mid-ninth century AD Kashi La Khan dynasty, they built the palace in this northern Gaoya, Gaoya the north and south of the original are linked to one another, at both ends of the North and South. Living in residential areas of the high-profile 94-year-old artist Tutao Mamat Assi on the wood, Gao Ya now divided into two separate South Cliff North origin of the cliff. It is said that a few hundred years ago from a sudden and large the Pamirs mountain torrents out of the zone Gaoya a big gap, cut off from the North and the South, divided into two separate high slope, the high-profile building in the residential areas on the southern slope.
The high-profile residents of the existing 603 houses, population more than 2450 , All Uighurs. The high-profile visit to the residential areas, visiting tourists to respect the customs of the Uygur. Here, a brief account of some of the Uygur ethnic customs and pay attention to a number of issues. First of all, for everyone to talk about entering the high-profile residential areas, some of the attention to the matter: l, the high-profile residential rugged terrain Population density, a lot of lanes, criss-crossing, extending in all directions. There are many side street off a century ago, the Old Hall of housing, or some two, three simple buildings, most of the stairs is no barrier, and some even dangerous, for safety reasons, I hope visitors tour guide comrades in the lower reaches of the visit, not to leave the ranks Unauthorized access to home Or lost in the lane and lost the team found.
2, lane of the Uighur people visiting guests warm hospitality and courtesy are all very much concerned, the warm greetings to be met, in the alley encounter with Uighur people can say "you Joachim" (say hello Uyghur), to meet When shaking hands to greetings
3, Uygur taboo pig, do not eat pork. Home visits in the conversation should not ask why not eat pork, and other such topics. So as not to arouse their resentment. There is one more point, do not ask when meeting with "no food" they will cause misunderstanding.
4, with the Uygur people Talk, eat or a guest at home in front of the most taboo human face Xing Biti, spitting, or else they would be considered to be disrespectful to the people. Into the courtyard, we will see a variety of courtyards, and some large, some small, high and low terrain, the use of space also does not have the same, whether any went into a hospital , First of all to see planted on the ground floor of the Uighur people love trees, fig, pomegranate, apricot, grape, rose, rose, oleander, and other trees and flowers. Shady fruit trees, and elegant environment. Some large area of the garden, a variety of grapes, arbor built not only eat fruit and shade in the summer is a good place. Hospital In general have Qianlang, built Tu Kang, above shop mats, blankets or carpets. The hot summer months when the number of people living in the Qianlangtukang.
Uighur very favorite plant flowers and grass and garden plants species may not have open space, in the types of pots on the floor or upstairs balcony. As well as space for flower pots can be placed on Offices are filled with flower pots. It is no exaggeration to say that the high-profile fallen flowers everywhere. Uighur people can see that beauty, love to spend the customs, in particular with the Uighur women to spend more indissoluble bond, forged a deep affection and flowers. Uighur women's lives and life and is linked to spend. Wearing a hat to spend, spend towel head circumference, wearing a flower , Their dress with flowers, plants and flowers for natural cosmetics, a Uighur "Usman" green juice to come out of the thrush, is said to the grass juice can contribute to the long thick black eyebrows. It is interesting that more Uighurs to use flowers to the birth of a baby girl named, such as: Ali with Guli (Jinhua), Ziman GU Red plum blossom), GU Ana (Dan Liuhua,) GU Taji (cockscomb). From the courtyard into the living room of the master, living room, look at the interior architecture and architectural style. The master bedroom relatively simple, like sleeping on the Uighurs Tu Kang, Tu Kang accounted for most of the area to half of the room where, unlike farmers in northern China The Huokang, adobe structure, the formation of thick, straw mats have Kangshang shop, flower carpet, carpet, as well as big kang and cotton mattress. The open-neatly cabinet walls of the emissions of many bedding. Carpet hung on the wall for decoration. We are the masters of the warm invitation to the living room, the shoes off outside, sleeping on the ground into the living room table. Passenger No display tables and chairs, spread around the carpet has long cotton cushion in the middle covered with cloth meals, to be seated cross-legged sitting or kneeling, legs should not be extended seats meal, let alone to other people moving in the soles of the feet. Meal at them ethnic flavor of the Muslim cakes, candy and nuts, Xinggan, dried fruits such as raisins. If the guests to Taste like Uygur-style diets, housewives will give the guests do the traditional Zhuafan, Shouzhua mutton, thin-skinned buns, noodles, fried noodles, after another (pure Chinese ravioli), ranking Wawa (dumplings), and other snacks flavor. Uighurs in accordance with the customary dinner, hors d'inherited from the master with the traditional hospitality customs, "for hand-washing water , In charge of "water for hand washing" is the usual attire of the young shoulders of Article arm towel, put his right hand for a special bath of water, "Tuva App", the left hand holding a complete set of access Basin "La Puqia" according to the general habit of pouring water three times, wash your hands three times, people think Cuoxi three times for the highest clean The lower limit can not be less than that. The number is not even wash their hands, such as four, six, and so on, this is the prevailing Muslim customs, the guests from different nationalities, and wash their hands more than three times the two have no harm, no man can excuse. Wash your hands when the most important thing is not a rejection of water. After the water wash their hands off the brotherly peoples of Xinjiang is a taboo . Hand-washing rituals and customs, began to eat, when to eat or contacts with the Uygur people, please do not pay attention to when they face the spitting, nose-dug, yawn, the food should not be used to grasp the nose to sniff out between, even if do not want to eat and drink also To a taste that respect. After the meal, the owner of the elderly to lead guests "W" (blessed word) you can learn to master the moves for you to follow, relatively simple, (open hands in the face from the top down and have Geshi) to show respect for the master and his family all best wishes. Left, do not rush out, not to Taguo meal or across the cloth. To leave the hosts who, with enthusiasm to the master Do not, to say the phrase can be used in peacekeeping, "Ahmat hot" (meaning thank you) and "West-ho" (meaning goodbye) to shake hands goodbye.
Into the lane, as if into the Uygur style of painting. Those who had not been planned, the construction of free, according to the requirements and stay in their places of origin to the four-week extension to the high - Intended to increase above the floor level, Louwai Lou, a residential Cuoluoyouzhi arrangement of deep alleys are extending in all directions. Faint lanes, the lanes deep, early into the alley that would enter the maze; seven of eight around the bend, turn left, turn right and climb down from the corner into a small, can take most of the day also Not get out. Some move into the field Lane's people are not familiar with the layout of the lanes, has not the residence to go out shopping, people in the criss-cross through the Xiang Li, a lot of walking back to the starting circle, the residential alley after another and then ANGLE on down, There are wide and narrow, short length of the various lanes even for a whole spectacle of the residential areas. Kashi City, is listed as State historical and cultural cities, residential high-profile city is a lot of cultural landscape in both value and beauty of the Uighur culture has a deep meaning and profound historical, cultural customs of the landscape. Uighurs living in the heart of the culture that is attached to the home and native land, the first open In the high-profile settled in the generations to come here for generations live and multiply. Into the alleys of any residents of a home, he will be pointing to the vicissitudes of life through the mud wall to tell people, my ancestors live here, until the proliferation of our generation. Think of this first compound in the hands of the ancestors, the ten Spacious.
With a population more and more, increasing housing, so that accounts for part of the courtyard. With the proliferation of generations, live only inside the compound where there is no room to expand repair, and then connect on the wall around the compound to the expansion of housing, to a four-week residential groups have been formed. Lane, no longer be able to expand Family residential, high-altitude start to the extension of the intelligent Uighurs in the original building more housing on the floor, even on the second floor Canada, from the residential building in the territories have. A large population of households do not even use the building, come up with a peculiar way, some people in the second floor of the amendment, the House will extend out across the alley up street The opposite, which is quite creative in the form of construction to gradually promote the opening, after hundreds of years, gradually formed a unique Kashi lanes, "Guo Jielou" Landscape, "Guojie Lou" The trick is that it will not affect pedestrian walking downstairs, Does not affect the people living upstairs, in a limited range of great use of space Construction. Fully reflect the wisdom of the Uighurs. In addition to up to see the "Guojie Lou", there is also accounted for half of the street, "Street floor and a half." In the depths of the lanes can also see that the building will be built in the alley at the crossroads of the "vacant floor." From a distance looked like legislation in alleys or inside the gun turret of the bunker. Read the street lanes Type up the house, along the alleys of any of the trails around can be seen along the roadway construction of the residential compound outside the wall and in accordance with the door open, the door is 2, a next to a.
Uighur residents have strong Uygur architectural style, the style is characterized by the formation of Kashi's special natural environment and be , By the Islamic culture, history and centuries of evolution and evolving. There are houses like the high-profile features: one. Plane layout of the residential compound of free and flexible, residents of the construction of indoor and outdoor space is arranged according to specific conditions and practical needs, such as the concept of symmetry is not binding, the full benefit Topography and the construction of the space, the high-profile residential compound in the residential houses there, two-story building, three floors and even the seven-story building, built three-Ya Shang, four-Ya Xia, Ya Shang, can be Yaxia, the main house Excellent design to make full use of the terrain, the three-Tu Ya Ya Shang from the Progressive, Yaxia from three-to four-under to the Layer, or from the bottom up and down along the floor of the exchange floor to reach any one band. Second, the courtyard has a strong closed. Uighur people can meet the requirements of family life and adapt to the local natural environment. Against wind and rain played a role in the shelter. Third, changing the simple form. Uygur architectural component of construction Line little Bump feet, generous smooth walls, doors outdoor, for more than two doors, solid solemn, door set, engraved with images of the pattern copper, iron shield layering. Hoisting a big bowl of the two doors locked loop for use. Along with the external walls of piled bricks, add straw mud, decades or even centuries remained as before. Whitehead is also useful The brushing. Fourth, the construction is divided into masters of the indoor living room, living room, mostly on both sides of the same on behalf of children and family housing. Living room with no Wood Beds, almost all sleep in the pit. Unlike in the north of China's rural fire, but it filled the pit formation, or to the entire area of two-thirds or half. The walls are built on open The wall cabinets, there are many layers to place daily. The living room wall cabinets are more decorative style of Islamic architecture. For the multi-arch, the size of different niches, ranging from a few layers. There are four Uighur traditional plaster lace pattern. Some niche is plaster floor space in the mosaic pattern design on the whole niche. Lan was carved plaster White pattern design, a nation that looked a distinct feature of the sculpture art. Housing and living room walls are also linked to Hotan carpets. Larger courtyard in front of the house there is a general corridors, the corridors carved column on a variety of flower motifs, corridors under Article barrier is a carpenter spin out of the system, not the length of interval thickness round The wooden barrier. There are corridors pit, covered with flowers carpet the carpet, the hospital corridors planes even Putao Jia, according to grape vines climb up the gallery roof frame, is the great good place to enjoy the cool air.
Fifth, the high-profile residential long history of some ancient houses are mostly for hundreds of years of history, there are some residential areas from generation to generation, since security The Sansibainian. The room structure, roof, walls, doors and windows, and even color all remain the same. A proliferation of residential areas is a family, live, the rise and fall, the continuation of future generations of family history. Many houses have seven or eight generations passed down, as the concept of a strong clan of the Uygur, residential and cultural core of that Is attached to the family home. Some of the largest residential housing compound in as many as one, 20 upstairs downstairs, the two side rooms of several generations living with a courtyard, is a true four generations. Read the landscape residential lanes, residential areas and cultural learn Uygur characteristics, taste, experience lanes deep yard behind a life of the nation's calendar And the homes of culture. In addition to the residential lanes that the high-profile spectacle, there are a more ancient, has a long history of the original soil Tutao of handmade pottery workshop, 17 have now been preserved, the oldest of eight workshops, residential high-profile location, the Uyghur "wide Niyaz Asia with its Greek ", in Chinese means" Gaoyatutao . Tuya's unique ancient houses and workshops Tutao be high on the stage two of the most cultural relics and scenic spots of the value.
Gao Ya is three more than 10 meters from the ground, condescending, clean air, free from floods, storm disasters, favorable terrain, thousands of years since the ancestors of the first Uygur more than 1000 years ago To settle this in the years since then, the land continued to have a lot of Uighurs have Gaoya to build a home. In the repair room on the spot in the mud and soil, the soil in the Gaoya Uighurs in a "color Gezi" soil, the soil texture and delicate, strong viscosity in prison, is to produce soil of perfect ceramic materials. About 80 Years ago, fired a Tutao artisan of the first to discover the "color Gezi" soil, so Tuya in the construction of the first workshop Tutao. Tutao have been followed by many artists in the creation of high-Ya Shang Tutao workshop. In the past years there, Tutao products with the Uighur people's living practices are closely linked. Three-day life Can not be separated from the mud bowl, called Uighurs, "Ta Wake", and the surface of the food put Sheng Fan Tao basin, bath with the Tutao basin, wash their hands with the "I grams of meat" (clay), the water " Treasury Fu (Tao Gang), Laundry by "Taihsi grams of Taiwan" (Tao laundry basin), carrying water used, "Makuza" (Tutao bucket). Night Tutao all kinds of oil lamps, candlesticks, and then shaking a baby, even Tutao-bird hunting equipment, and so on, the Tutao varieties as many as 100 kinds of products, covering all aspects of people's lives. At that time, in the historical conditions, soil pottery along with the Uighur people's lives, their great contribution, has made undeniable contributions
Tutao history of the peak, high on the stage more than a hundred Tutao workshop, the whole city of Kashi Tutao workshop focused on all of this on Tuya, the Uighurs "Tutao cliff." With the advance of history, social progress and economic development, improvement of people's lives, Tutao the decline of industry in order Now high on the stage only existing ancient Tutao less than 30 workshops, Tutao engaged in the production of the master from a maximum of five or six people, left more than 50, although a lot of pottery have been living out of the stage, only the production of There are a few of the pottery market demand, many species have disappeared, lost much of the risk . However, is still engaged in dozen Tutao industry as the owner put Square, inheritance left by the ancestors craft, obsessed in the production of Tu Tao. This is only a dozen or so workshops Tutao, are five or six generations to stay ancestors passed down, the soil of their election materials, screening, mixing and kneading clay, body shaping, painting, sculpture cut flowers, glaze, into the Firing, a dry kiln and so on a dozen procedures, all handmade crafts, and even now can use electric devices forming wheel spin, might dispense with the heavy manual work, but they are still in use pottery artist Legend has it that 800 years old Traditional methods of soil on the ground floor of the Millennium, wooden foot rotating disk blanks, Molded with vegetation burning kiln. Tutao for the painting, color and glaze is also the ancestral methods of processing formula, glaze paint all the minerals from the desert or the mountains to crush the stones of different colors of the collection, from stone grinding mill, after more than 10 heavy physical Road Labor processing from the final shape of the bricks to become a beautiful Glazed pottery or art. Although the products Tutao not worth the money, not the texture itself Tu Tao, said it straight, it's worth a lot of them blend of history. From this point of archeology at home and abroad, artists, collectors, and traveled to Kashi Tutao obsessed we can get in close. This is after thousands of years of history, Today, the production process has not changed its charm lies. The high-profile residents of the existing 603 houses, population 2,450 people, in addition to Tutao engaged in the production of the industry, there are many people engaged in embroidered caps, tool making, leather processing, textiles, blacksmith, sewing and other crafts people.
Click for more china-historical-sites.blogspot.com
No comments:
Post a Comment